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(BARBEU-DUBOURG, J.)

(Paris), 1789. (iii)-xxii (misnumbered xxiv), 112 (misnumbered 114) pp. 12mo. Modern half calf, marbled boards, spine gilt in compartments, gilt lettering. Echeverria & Wilkie 789/7; INED 218; no edition in Kress; no edition in Goldsmiths; no edition in Einaudi; not in Sabin. Final edition of this little collection of 102 maxims and reflections forming a perfect abridged statement of the philosophy of the Enlightenment.'Both signatures a and b have had the first leaf of each cancelled; no located copy still has them present' (Echeverria & Wilkie). After the half-title and title the numbering of the prelims is: vii-ix, verso of ix an unnumbered blank page, ix again, verso numbered xii, xv-xxiv. This is a copy with a5r numbered ix (see Echeverria & Wilkie). The dedication is 'A Monsieur B.F. (i.e. Benjamin Franklin). The first edition was published in 1774 and a second one was printed in 1782 in Paris on the press of Benjamin Franklin. Livingston (19) writes: 'It was again printed in 1789, a close copy, typographically, of Franklin's Passy press edition, and this is the only edition recorded in the Catalogue of the Bibliothèque Nationale (1914).' According to Quérard (I, 175), this edition 'est plus complète que les autres', and he adds 'ce petit traité renferme beaucoup d'idées sur le commerce maritime.' 'Éloge de la famille et du mariage, du travail, de la tolérance. Défense du droit de propriété et de l'impôt foncier. Idées agrariennes sur la population et l'agriculture' (INED). On page 87 these lines on the USA: 'La Pensylvanie est le premier pays policé de l'univers où la tolérance réciproque de tous les cultes religieux ait été garantie par une loi authentique.'The pages 89-90 are omitted in the numbering, page (91)-end contains notes to the various maxims. Jacques Barbeu-Dubourg (1709-1779) was doctor, professor, journalist and businessman: he was Diderot's doctor untill Barbeu died, and he created various commercial companies with the aim to help the American revolutionaries. - Small tear in outer blank margin of the title-page and a few unobtrusive spots, verso title-page and recto last page with strengthened inner margin.

BASTILLE -

(At end:) A Paris, De l'Imprimerie royale, 1792. 3, (1 blank) pp. 4to. Folded leaf. Accepted proposal by the "patriote Palloy, architecte-entrepreneur": the place de la Bastille will be renamed place de la Liberté, and a column will be erected with Liberty at the top, a competiton is opened for plans during 4 months.

(BAUDEAU, N.)

A Amsterdam, et se trouve à Paris, Chez Hochereau, Desaint, Lacombe, 1768. 3 parts in 1 volume. (2), 152 pp.; 69, (1) pp.; 201, (1) pp. 12mo. Contemporary marbled calf, spine gilt, red morocco label, gilt lettering, gilt stamped unidentified arms in upper compartment, marbled edges. Kress 6516; Goldsmiths 10441; Einaudi 4432; INED 273; Higgs 4373; Leblanc 99; Weulersse, i, pp. 160-161. First edition. I: Premier Traité sur le commerce des bleds.II: Second Traité Sur la Mouture des Grains, & sur le Commerce des Farines.III: Troisième Traité, sur la Fabrication et le commerce du pain, et sur le vrai moyen de pourvoir aux approvisionnements publics. Nicolas Baudeau (1739-c1792). Born at Amoise, Baudeau entered the church, becoming a Canon and Professor of theology at the Chancelade Abbey. He was subsequently called to Paris in the service of Archbishop de Beaumont. In 1765, Baudeau founded the periodical Ephémérides du Citoyen, at that time a journal defending the mercantile system, in oppostion to Quesnay and his followers. Baudeau however was converted to Physiocracy in 1766 by Mirabeau and he turned his journal over to the promotion of physiocracy. He was the editor till late 1768 when he handed editorial responsibility to Dupont de Nemours. Perhaps the most interesting of Baudeau's many writings is his systematic exposition and development of the Physiocratic theory of luxury, the most complete version of that theory and as such wrongly ignored. The Avis au Peuple 'est un livre pratique, semi-technique, puisqu'il s'agit de mouture et de boulangerie; une oeuvre d'expédient, pourrait-on-dire, écrite en vue de remédier d'urgence à la cherté, 'enfin d'aider aux vues saines et généreuses de l'Administration, qui en de telles circonstances porte seule le poids de la misère du peuple et de l'ignorance des subministrations'' (Weulersse). - Lacks the title-page to the third part. Very rare.

BAUDEAU, N.

A Paris, Chez Pissot, 1775. Two volumes. Together three volumes bound in one. x, 306 pp.; (4), 236 pp.; 184, (2) pp. 8vo. Contemporary speckled calf, spine richly gilt, raised bands and label with gilt lettering. First work: Kress 7071; Goldsmiths 11256; Einaudi 344; Higgs 6259; INED 276. First edition in bookform, first published in the Nouvelles Ephémérides Économiques, and published in a very limited number of copies. Famous physiocratic polemic between Baudeau and Necker, here both present.'Doctrinaire économiste, l'un des plus fervens sectateurs de cette école, et l'un de ceux qui en ont le mieux exposé les principes' (Blanqui, p. 420). The work was written following the publication of Necker's Sur la législation et le commerce des grains presenting, in magnificent style, the arguments of the Physiocrats against Necker's theories. Baudeau criticizes Necker for his preference of industry over agriculture, for his Colbertism and his preferential attitude towards commerce in luxury goods. Baudeau advocates a return to the economics of Sully, protests against the protectionist laws of the new government and argues that free trade in corn will cause a price reduction rather than raise the price of bread.Second work: Kress 7144; Goldsmiths 11267; Higgs 6260; INED 3372; not in Einaudi; Lichtenberger, Socialisme au XVIIIe siècle, pp. 305-310. First edition: although the title-page indicates that this is the second edition, it is in reality the first edition, with the errata-leaf at the end of volume two and the errata uncorrected.Necker condemned the physiocratic doctrine of free trade and was in favour of government control.

BAUDEAU, N.

A la Haye, 1764. 4 works in 1 volume. iv, 156 pp.(4), 60, 107, (1, blank) pp.; (2), 26 pp.; 24 pp. 8vo. Contemporary paper-covered boards, spine gilt with gilt lettering, red edges, slightly rubbed. First work: INED 281; not in Goldsmiths; not in Kress, not in Einaudi; not in Higgs (the latter three citing variant issues); Weller, ii, p. 165.First edition, one of three different editions from the same year, no priority established.One of the works whose publication was due to Roussel de la Tour's Richesse de l'État. Baudeau's proposals for financial reform are close to those proposed by Roussel de la Tour. 'Projet de réforme totale de l'administration des finances tendant au même but d'ailleurs que la Richesse de l'État, qui venait de paraître avec un grand retentissement. Trois questions en font l'objet: maniére la plus simple de recouvrir les deniers royaux; méthode la plus claire et la plus économique de dépenser les deniers publiques; moyens les plus équitables d'affranchir le gouvernement de la dette publique' (INED). Of Baudeau's work three issues are known: one of iv, 132 pages, and one in which each of the three parts is separately paginated. In fact, Baudeau wrote the work in 1760, and had it passed on 'au Ministre par le canal de M. l'Abbé B** (Bertin), son frère' (Avertissement). Second work: Higgs 3266; INED 1276; not in Kress; not in Goldsmiths; not in Einaudi (all citing other editions); Weller, ii, p. 164; Le Bucher bibliographique, 505. Third work: Kress S.4358; Goldsmiths 10025; Einaudi 5516; Higgs 3268; not in INED.First editions.Edme-François Darigrand (not Jean-Baptiste) wrote the above works which had an immense impact upon publication: ' ..... Darigrand, qui en 1763 publiait un livre à sensation, dont le titre seul était un programme: L'Anti-Financier' (Weulersse, i, p. 88). The work was a 'pamphlet très violent contre les Fermiers-généraux.' The work reasoned along the lines set forth in that other famous work aiming at reform of the taxes, Roussel de la Tour's Richesse de l'État. Darigrand 'préconise l'abolition des Fermes, s'élève contre les règlements fiscaux, intentionnellement obscurs et arbitraires et contre les exemptions accordées aux commis des aides et gabelles. Il veut établir l'égalité par l'établissement d'un impôt unique, réparti et perçu par les Corps et Communautés du royaume' (Marguerite Leblanc, De Thomas More à Chaptal. Contribution bibliographique à l'histoire économique, (1961), pp. 118-119).Fourth work: Goldsmiths 10020; Higgs 3268; INED 4778; not in Kress; not in Einaudi; Weller, ii, p. 169.First edition.One of the many works opposing Darigrand's work and defending the existing situation.

(BAZARD, S.A.)

(Paris, Imprimerie Everat, 1830). 2 works in 1 volume. 432 pp.; 8 pp. 8vo. Modern half morocco, marbled boards, spine gilt in compartments with gilt lettering. First work: Walch-Gerits, Supplement, 143; Kress C.2783; Goldsmiths 27194; Einaudi 1595. Third, revised and augmented edition. The preface, covering the pages 5-57 has been written by Enfantin and is followed by Gustave d'Eichtal's A un catholique sur la vie et le caractère de Saint-Simon, covering the pages 59-73. Second work: Walch-Gerits, Supplement, 22; Kress C.2441; Goldsmiths 26585; Einaudi 368.

BELLE-ISLE, (C.L.A. FOUQUET, DE.)

A Londres, 1765. 2 works in 1 volume. 216 pp.; (4), viii, 264 pp. 12mo. Contemporary marbled calf, spine gilt in compartments, label with gilt lettering, marbled edges, very lightly rubbed. First work: Goldsmiths 9713 (listing it under Chevrier); INED 379; Higgs 2627; Einaudi 1076 (listing an edition from 1762, also under Chevrier); Conlon 61:576 (Chevrier); not in Kress. First edition. First work: 'Politique et social. Réflexions sur l'intolérance, qui est parfois nécessaire (mais dommages causés par l'émigration des protestants); les impôts, qui sont moins lourds que mal répartis; la néfaste célibat des prêtres; la nécessité des lois somptuaires, bien que le luxe qui perd un petit état en enrichit un grand'; le duel, qui peut mener à la destruction de l'espèce humaine; l'exemption d'impôts des pères de famille qui favoriserait la population; .....' (INED). According to Querard, the work is by Chevrier where indeed several reference works list it.Second work: Kress 6305; Goldsmiths 10097; INED 4337; Higgs 3430; Leblanc 384; Conlon 65:1299; not in Einaudi.First edition. Kress states the work was published first in 1755, for which statement no evidence could be found, nor does Kress have this 1755 edition, nor does Goldsmiths and Conlon lists it under 1765 thereby indicating that there is no 1755 edition.'Cet ouvrage comporte quatre parties: Du commerce en général; Des avantages qui reviendront à la France par l'établissement d'un solide commerce; De la facilité des établissements de commerce et marine dans la France; Des obstacles qui peuvent s'opposer à un solide établissement de commerce dans la France. Cette dernière rubrique se termine par des considérations sur l'établissement du commerce propre à la monarchie française. (Leblanc). 'Economique. Réflexions sur le commerce en général et sur ces avantages. Intérêt de la France à posséder un 'solide commerce', d'autant plus que notre pays offre des conditions particulièrement favorables à son développement et à celui de la marine. Défense du systême des douanes intérieures' (INED). - With the engraved bookplate of Alexis de Lamothe, Avocat.

(BELLEPIERRE DE NEUVE-EGLISE, L.J.)

A Paris, Chez Despilly, Le Clerc, 1761. With engraved frontispiece. xvi, 341, (3) pp. 8vo. Contemporary marbled calf, spine gilt with raised bands, red edges. INED 382; Higgs 2578; Musset-Pathay 1514; not in Kress; Goldsmiths, and Einaudi. First edition. 'Agronomique. De la décadence de l'agriculture, du commerce et des arts dans la province d'Artois, et des moyens de les ranimer. 'Ce n'est pas dans la simple agriculture que consiste le seul bonheur d'un État; c'est dans tous les Arts de nécessité première'' (INED).Contains statistical information on all sorts of commerce in all sorts of products among which wine, cotton, fish, tobacco, etc. as well as on a large number of professions: Peintres, Boulangers, Bouchers, Traiteurs, Miroitiers, Potiers, etc. - Small stamp on title. Very good copy.

BERGASSE, (N.)

A Paris, Chez Lallement 1791. 9 pieces bound in 1 volume. 52, (misnumbered 43) pp.; 53 pp.; 47 pp.; (2), 25 pp.; 90 pp.; 64 pp.; 44 pp.; 56 pp.; (2), 67 pp. 8vo. Modern half morocco, marbled boards, spine gilt in compartments, gilt lettering. First work: Martin & Walter 2643; INED 404.Second work: Martin & Walter 2651; INED 407 (variant edition). Third work: Not in Martin & Walter. Fourth work: Martin & Walter 2664.Fifth work: Martin & Walter 2666.Sixth work: Martin & Walter 2656 (variant edition); not in Kress; not in Goldsmiths.Seventh work: Martin & Walter 2667.Eighth work: Martin & Walter 2648; not in Kress; Goldsmiths 14214.Ninth work: Martin & Walter 2662; not in Kress; not in Goldsmiths; Stourm, p. 188.Nicolas Bergasse, lawyer, politician, and writer, representative of the Third Estate, one of the founders of the Société Mesmer (société de l'Harmonie Universelle), one of the founders of the société Gallo-Américaine and member of the Société des Amis des Noirs. Born in Lyon to a bourgeois family, Bergasse became a lawyer and in 1775 began pleading cases before the Parlement of Paris. At first he mixed in the circles of the philosophes, and started as a revolutionary radical. The course of the revolution increasingly worried him and he slowly moved to the more prudent and conservative side. During the French Revolution, he created a particular political and constitutional thought inspired by the British and American models and developed a theory of the sovereignty of universal reason.

BERGASSE, (N.)

A Londres, 1788. 60 pp. 8vo. Modern boards. Kress S.5169 and Goldsmiths 13568 both describe an edition in 4to, both with different pagination; INED 405; Einaudi 441 (first edition, 1780). Second edition of this work against monopoly which Bergasse considers to be extremely harmful to property, progress and commerce. The pages 57-60 contain LETTRES-PATENTES du Roi, Concernant le Courtage du Roulage, & l'Entrepôt des marchandises. Données à Versailles le 16 Février 1785. Registrées en Parlement le douze Avril 1785.'Rapide historique sur la régie des Messageries; conséquences du privilège exclusif du 'roulage', réclamé par les Fermiers, ou régisseurs des Messageries, Rôle néfaste de tout monopole: rien n'est plus nuisible à la propriété, au commerce et au progrès que cet impôt sur l'industrie. Bergasse réclame la liberté de commerce' (INED). Nicolas Bergasse (1750-1832), lawyer, politician, and writer. Born in Lyon to a bourgeois family, Bergasse became a lawyer and in 1775 began pleading cases before the Parlement of Paris. At first he mixed in the circles of the philosophes, and started as a revolutionary radical. The course of the revolution increasingly worried him and he slowly moved to the more prudent and conservative side.

BERNARD, (P.J.)

A Marseille, Chez Antoine Favet, 1778. With folding mineralogical map of the Provence, and a folding table. 199, (1) pp. 8vo. Modern boards, label with gilt lettering. Musset Pathay 1213 (listing a 1780 edition); Conlon 78:642. First edition. Title on page 3 reads: Mémoire sur les Engrais que la Provence peut fournir, et sur la manière de les employer, suivant les diverses especes de Terreins. The folding table gives an extensive survey of the various kinds of natural fertilizers used, with indication of utility on various sorts of soil. The title and text are all printed within a nicely printed border.

BERRI -

Bourges, 1787. With 11 tables. 3 volumes. (12), 19, 345, (10) pp.; (4), 287, (12) pp.; (2), 48, 262 pp. 4to. Modern half morocco. Lavergne, Assemblées provinciales, pp. 33-66. Complete set of the best edition with subject indexes, of the proceedings of the very first Assemblée Provinciale, as planned by Turgot and created by Necker. The distinction between the three orders was practically neglected and the voting was by call. This Assemblée was, together with the one of Haute-Guienne, the only one to survive until the revolution. During the years of its existence, the Assemblée made important decisions: the corvée was abolished and in this respect Berri became the example for all other provinces; improvement of waterways, extensively dealt with in the proceedings, was promoted because of the high costs of transport by land; the new doctrine of Turgot of 'liberté du travail' was adopted. Important document as the Berry was a sort of experiment for the future provincial assemblies. In these minutes one finds essais on agriculture, industry, various taxes in use, the Ponts et Chaussees, the future construction of the canal and its navigation. - Rare in this complete state. The first two volumes with the half-title: 'Collection des procès-verbaux de l'Assemblée provinciale du Berri'.

BESSON, A.

Paris, Imprimerie Nationale, Thermidor an 4 (1796). 63 pp. 8vo. Modern half morocco. Martin & Walter 3109.

BIELFELD, (J.F.) DE.

Leide, Chés (sic) Samuel et Jean Luchtmans, 1767-1772. With engraved title-vignettes, engraved portrait and 5 folding tables. 3 volumes. (4), viii, 710, (12) pp.; (6), 736, (8) pp.; xxiv, 892, (26) pp. 8vo. Contemporary half calf, spine gilt in compartments, gilt lettering, corners, marbled boards, yellow edges. Humpert 7491; Camus 215; Higgs 3984 (citing an edition running upto 1774); not in Kress; not in Goldsmiths; not in Einaudi (although Kress has a mixed edition of which the third volume is the volume here described, see S.4180); Leblanc 240; Carpenter, Economic Bestsellers, XX.7. The improved, revised and augmented edition, complete with the often lacking third volume which was published in 1772 for the first time. Baron Bielfeld was personal advisor to Frederick II of Prussia and mentor to Prince Ferdinand. His Institutions aims at examining the foundations of the modern state and at outlining a science of government. His perspective is economic as well as political; his leanings are towards policies of free trade, granting timely independence to colonies, and the fight against poverty. He traces a history of political arithmetic citing Graunt, Petty, Süssmilch and the English and French 'calculateurs', and examines the sources of the wealth of nations, devoting particular attention to trade, and mentioning the effects of American lands and resources on Spain and Britain. Three pages are devoted to the analysis of the financial innovations introduced in France by John Law, describing them as 'le plus beau plan pour les [scilicet affaires] rétablir qui soit jamais sorti du cerveau d'un habile Financier.' Cet ouvrage est écrit à l'usage des gouvernants. Il concerne l'art de règner. Bielfeld veut réduire la politique en système, la transformer en une science qui puisse être enseignée. Il divise ses Institutions Politiques en deux parties: 1: Tout ce qui regarde l'intérieur d'un État: cadre législatifs et politiques, finances, manufactures, commerce, navigation, armée, marine ....; 2: Tout ce qui concerne la politique étrangère et les rapports d'un État avec les autres puissances' (Leblanc).'This is essentially a cameralistic guide for rulers. Bielfeld, although a German, first published his books in French; he relied in large measure upon the French data and writers' (Spengler, French predecessors of Malthus, p. 79). The Supplément aux Institutions Politiques pour cette nouvelle édition is to be found in the second volume covering the pages 647-736.

BIELFELD, (J.F.) DE.

A Leyde, & se vend à Leipsick, en Foire, Chez J.F. Bassompierre, Fils, 1768-1774. With engraved portrait-frontispiece and five folding tables. 3 volumes. xii, 608 pp.; iv, 635, (1) pp.; xvi, 800 pp. 8vo. Contemporary marbled calf, spines gilt with raised bands, red labels with gilt lettering, red edges, a bit rubbed. Not in Kress; not in Goldsmiths; not in Einaudi; not in Humpert; INED 496 (vols 1-2 only); Higgs 2422; Leblanc 240; Carpenter, Economic Bestsellers, XX.9. Improved, revised and augmented edition, with the third volume. Baron Bielfeld was personal advisor to Frederick II of Prussia and mentor to Prince Ferdinand. His Institutions aims at examining the foundations of the modern state and at outlining a science of government. His perspective is economic as well as political; his leanings are towards policies of free trade, granting timely independence to colonies, and the fight against poverty. He traces a history of political arithmetic citing Graunt, Petty, Süssmilch and the English and French 'calculateurs', and examines the sources of the wealth of nations, devoting particular attention to trade, and mentioning the effects of American lands and resources on Spain and Britain.'Cet ouvrage est écrit à l'usage des gouvernants. Il concerne l'art de règner. Bielfeld veut réduire la politique en système, la transformer en une science qui puisse être enseignée. Il divise ses Institutions Politiques en deux parties: 1: Tout ce qui regarde l'intérieur d'un État: cadre législatifs et politiques, finances, manufactures, commerce, navigation, armée, marine ....; 2: Tout ce qui concerne la politique étrangère et les rapports d'un État avec les autres puissances' (Leblanc).'This is essentially a cameralistic guide for rulers. Bielfeld, although a German, first published his books in French; he relied in large measure upon the French data and writers' (Spengler, French predecessors of Malthus, p. 79). The Supplément aux Institutions Politiques pour cette nouvelle édition is to be found in the second volume covering the pages 557-628."This Cameralistic treatise is by a Prussian state official. It was more successful outside Germany than any other Cameralistic work, presumably because it was written in the international language of the Eighteenth Century -- French" (Carpenter, Economic Bestsellers, XX.9).

(BIGOT DE SAINTE CROIX.)

No place, 1769. With 1 folding table. 147, (1, Avis au relieur) pp. 8vo. Modern red half morocco, marbled boards, gilt lettering. Einaudi 2247; Higgs 4642; Leblanc, De Thomas More à Chaptal, contribution bibliographique à l'histoire économique, 290; not in Kress; not in Goldsmiths; not in INED. First edition.There are some copies of the first edition (and this is one of those copies), where the pages 122-124 contain a long note, not present in all copies of the first edition, which note refers to the session of the Parlement de Paris. In this note the author defends the Abbé Baudeau and his work Avis aux honnêtes gens qui veulent bien faire, a work which had become the subject of a request for its prohibition. Most copies of the first edition are without this printed note and in these copies the pagination jumps from page 123 to 126. Why this note was apparently withdrawn and no longer printed in later produced copies is unknown. During the discussion on free trade of grains several 'Parlements' gave their opinions. 'Celui de Dauphiné donnait solennellement, le 26 avril 1769, un Avis qui était une exposition magistrale de la doctrine physiocratique, d'une orthodoxie impeccable. 'Ouvrage excellent à tous égards, s'écrie Dupont en l'annonçant aux 'lecteurs patriotes' aux 'bons citoyens'; ouvrage que nos derniers neveux baigneront encore des larmes de leur reconnaissance, comme nous l'avons fait nous-même en le lisant.' ..... l'Avis fut rendu public. L'impression produite pouvait être si forte que le Parlement de Paris s'arrangea pour faire disparaître la brochure: 'Cet ouvrage est devenu bientôt excessivement rare, écrit Bachaumont, parce que le système qu'on propose à Sa Majesté est totalement opposé à ce que les Parlements de Paris et de Rouen ont écrit sur cette matière, et que cette première Compagnie n'a pas trouvé bon qu'on répandit sous ses yeux un écrit si contraire à sa façon de penser.' Le manifeste du Parlement de Dauphiné n'en émut pas moins l'opinion , et son succès rejaillit sur le parti tout entier' (Weulersse, i, p. 200). 'Le Parlement du Dauphiné se fait défenseur de l'Edit de 1764, donc de la liberté du commerce des grains et de la concurrence. Il s'élève contre les entraves et les limitations qui lui sont apportées' (Leblanc, op.cit.) - Extremely rare.

(BIGOT DE SAINTE CROIX.)

No place, 1769. With 1 folding table. 145 (misnumbered 147, pagination jumps from 123 to 126, text complete; 2, (Avis au relieur, blank) pp. 8vo. Contemporary blind paper covers with paper label on spine, very nice copy, entirely unpressed, with very wide margins and uncut. Einaudi 2247; Higgs 4642; Mattioli 334; Leblanc, De Thomas More à Chaptal, contribution bibliographique à l'histoire économique, 290; not in Kress; not in Goldsmiths; not in INED. First edition.There are a few copies which contain a long note on the pages 122-124, which note refers to the session of the Parlement de Paris. In this note, not printed in this copy, which is why the pagination jumps, the author defends the Abbé Baudeau and his work Avis aux honnêtes gens qui veulent bien faire, a work which had become the subject of a request for its prohibition. Copies with this note have consecutive pagination: why this note was apparently withdrawn and no longer printed in later produced copies is unknown, but it does explain the jump in pagination. During the discussion on free trade of grains several 'Parlements' gave their opinions. 'Celui de Dauphiné donnait solennellement, le 26 avril 1769, un Avis qui était une exposition magistrale de la doctrine physiocratique, d'une orthodoxie impeccable. "Ouvrage excellent à tous égards, s'écrie Dupont en l'annonçant aux 'lecteurs patriotes' aux 'bons citoyens'; ouvrage que nos derniers neveux baigneront encore des larmes de leur reconnaissance, comme nous l'avons fait nous-même en le lisant."....... l'Avis fut rendu public. L'impression produite pouvait être si forte que le Parlement de Paris s'arrangea pour faire disparaître la brochure: "Cet ouvrage est devenu bientôt excessivement rare, écrit Bachaumont, parce que le système qu'on propose à Sa Majesté est totalement opposé à ce que les Parlements de Paris et de Rouen ont écrit sur cette matière, et que cette première Compagnie n'a pas trouvé bon qu'on répandit sous ses yeux un écrit si contraire à sa façon de penser.'' Le manifeste du Parlement de Dauphiné n'en émut pas moins l'opinion , et son succès rejaillit sur le parti tout entier' (Weulersse, i, p. 200). In short, the opinion expressed in this text (in favour of free trade, competition, etc.) was quite the opposite of the opinion held by the magistrates, and hence they decided it was not a good idea to have a text circulate that was so opposed to their way of thinking. 'Le Parlement du Dauphiné se fait défenseur de l'Edit de 1764, donc de la liberté du commerce des grains et de la concurrence. Il s'élève contre les entraves et les limitations qui lui sont apportées' (Leblanc, op.cit.) - Extremely rare.

BLANC DE VOLX, J.

A Paris, Chez Treuttel et Würtz, et à Strasbourg, An XI-1803. 3 volumes. (8), xxii, 316, (4, Table des Matières, Errata) pp.; (4), 342, (2) pp.; (4), 354, (2, Errata, blank) pp. 8vo. Contemporary polished calf, spines gilt in compartments, red and green labels with gilt lettering, gilt double fillet on sides, slightly rubbed and some light stains to the binding. Goldsmiths 18594; Einaudi 520; INED 526; not in Kress. First edition The first volume deals with the general principles of commerce, money, banks, credit, taxes, agriculture, etc.; the second volume treats the commercial relations of France with other countries and its colonies (slavery and colonial rule); and the final volume deals with commercial laws (customs, harbours, corporations, chambers of commerce, etc).'Économiques. Théories sur les différentes branches de l'économie, opposées en tous points à celle des Économistes. Éloge du commerce: 'si la population et l'agriculture furent, dans tous les tems, les premiers élémens de la puissance d'un Émpire, le commerce, .... surtout de nos jours, en est devenu le rival et les a supplées quelquefois' (INED). - Last 4 leaves of volume 2 with a light waterstain in upper outer corner.

BLANC, L.

Paris, au Bureau de la Société de l'Industrie fraternelle, 1848. (4), 284 pp. 12mo. Modern half morocco, marbled sides, spine gilt with gilt lettering, top edge gilt. Kress C.7283; Goldsmiths 36031; not in Einaudi. Important edition of this famous text, containing supplements not reprinted in later editions. Louis Blanc's leading economic ideas are those of 'association' and 'the right to work'. In the present work he looks to the State to ensure that the opportunity to work under reasonable conditions of payment and employment shall be available for every citizen. Although Blanc wishes the State to institute this new system he does not wish it to take over the running of industry. It was here that Blanc and the Fourierists held opposing views; to Blanc the Fourierists wished to run the State and industry and control everything by means of a hierarchy of industrial administrators chosen from above (See G.D.H. Cole, A History of Socialist Thought, i, p. 170).

(BOISGELIN DE CUCE, JEAN DE DIEU-RAYMOND.)

A Paris, De l'Imprimerie de Guillaume Desprez, 1786. 186, (4, errata) pp. 4to. Contemporary blue paper over boards, slightly rubbed. Martin & Walter 3778; Catalogue de l'Histoire de France, v, p. 440; Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique, ii, p. 942-943; Lemay, Dictionnaire des Constituants, p. 105. First edition. 'Jean de Dieu-Raymond de Cucé de Boisgelin, cardinal, l'un des prélats de France les plus connus de la fin du XVIIIe siècle et l'un des principaux défenseurs de l'Eglise dans la crise révolutionnaire. On le voit figurer aux assemblées du clergé et à l'Assemblée des Notables' (Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique).Boisgelin was elected to represent the higher clergy of his province at the States-General, in 1789 by the sénéchaussée of Aix. His practical political wisdom and moderation appeared on many occasions; he voted, in the name of the clergy, for the union of the three orders, the abolition of feudal rights, and offered 400,000 livres to the public treasury; but he opposed the abolition of tithes and the confiscation of church property. His political sagacity and eloquence made him the recognized leader and spokesman of thirty bishops, his colleagues in the assembly. He spoke the language of liberty and that of religion with equal eloquence; he would have every citizen share in the establishment and maintenance of the government, with his political rights as indestructible as his natural and civic rights. He served as one of the earlier presidents of the National Assembly (23 November - 4 December 1789).Bound before this text is the following: INSTRUCTION dressée par la Commission du Clergé, par la demande faite aux Bénificiers, des Foi & Hommage, Aveux & Dénombrements. (Drop-head title). Paris, de l'Imprimerie de G. Desprez, 1785. 60 pp. 4to.

(BOISGUILBERT, P. LE PESANT DE.)

No place (Rouen?), Année 1707. 2 volumes in 1. (2), 294 pp.; (2), 300 (misnumbered 302, 277-278 omitted in numbering), 12 pp. 8vo. Contemporary calf, spine richly gilt with raised bands, red label with gilt lettering, spine and joints damaged at head and foot, some damage to rear cover with some loss of calf at extremeties. Kress 2542; Goldsmiths 4429 & 4430; Einaudi 581; Carpenter VIII (9); INED, Pierre de Boisguilbert où la naissance de l'économie politique, i, p. 495 ff; Gerits, A., Le Détail de la France in Quaerendo, vol 16/3 (1986), pp. 198-207. One of at least 7 editions published in 1707. The 12 pages at the end of volume two are printed in a small caracter and contain the supplement, here written with one 'p' and which is only rarely found. Aiiii and Aiii in the supplement have been interchanged.This is the edition normally found, but often without the rare supplement of 12 pages. The importance of this edition is that "Boisguilbert réunit dans cette édition, parue avant le 14 mars 1707, les plus importantes de ses oeuvres antérieures, manuscrites et imprimées, et y ajouta de nouveau textes" (Pierre de Boisguilbert où la naissance de l'économie politique, vol. i, p. 495 ff). These new texts are the following: "Traité du mérite et des lumières de ceux qu'on appelle Gens habiles dans la Finance, ou Grands Financiers" (pp. 164-183, vol. 1); "Sentence du Châtelet de Paris, qui fixe le prix du pain. Du sixième May 1649. De par le Roy, et Monsieur le Prévost de Paris, ou son Lieutenant Civil" (pp. 192-195, vol. 11). The "Détail de la France ..." contains minor changes, additions and corrections, the "Traité de la Nature, Culture, Commerce, .... " (pp. 184-294, vol. i) is a new text and the principal text by Boisguilbert "sur les Bleds"; the "Memoire, qui fait voir en Abrégé, que plus les Bleds sont à vil Prix, ..... (pp. 179-191, vol. ii) was published in 1704 "en deux feuilles" with a slightly different title; the "Causes de la Rareté de l'Argent, ...." (pp. 196-212, vol. ii) is published here for the first time; the "Dissertation de la Nature des Richesses, de l'Argent ....." (pp. 213-302, vol. ii) is published here for the first time. The "Suplément ....." was published separately in early 1707 and added in some, but not all, copies. 'In the second half of the seventeenth century the great advance in economic theory and method had been concentrated mainly in England. The appearance of the first writings of Pierre de Boisguilbert, notably his Détail de la France (first published in 1695), can be taken as a sign that eventually, in the course of the eighteenth century, pre-eminence in political economy would pass to France - before subsequently being assumed by Scotland. As regards France, the title of the definitive edition of Boisguilbert's writings (1966) is well justified: Pierre de Boisguilbert: où la naissance de l'économie politique ...... Boisguilbert regarded the economic situation of France as one of disastrous decline and widespread poverty, and he began to study, with mounting passion, the causes and policies in the preceding decades which had brought this about. The depression seemed to have been specially severe in agriculture, which had suffered from Colbert's policy of favouring industrial development. Whether or not his alarming assessment of France's economic decline was correct, Boisguilbert, in seeking to analyse and establish the causes of what had happened, made general, theoretical and conceptual contributions of fundamental importance, including, among others, such monetary, or macro-economic, concepts, clearly though precisely formulated as: the propensity to consume or save, the velocity of circulation, the state of confidence, the expectations of businessmen, multiplying or cumulative effects, and, especially, the fundamental notion of equilibrium' (T. Hutchison, Before Adam Smith. The Emergence of Political Economy 1662-1776, pp. 107-115). Boisguilbert was 'chiefly preoccupied with the problem of French fiscal policy and nearly as fact-minded as was Vauban, he differed from the latter not only in the much wider scope of his interests but also in the fact that he was theoretically articulate - perhaps more so than any other writer before Cantillon' (Schumpeter, p. 215 note). 'Boisguilbert is largely remembered as a precursor of the Physiocrats and as the economist whom Marx linked with Petty as marking the start of classical political economy. His influence was undoubtedly more extensive: much of Cantillon's circular flow analysis appears inspired by his work; while Roberts in his Boisguilbert, Economist of the Reign of Louis XIV, (1935) argues for considerable similarity between his fundamental economic ideas and some of Adam Smith's' (New Palgrave, i, p. 259).

(BONCERF, J.P.)

Londres, 1775. 2 volumes in 1. (1), 155, (1) pp.; 275, (3) pp. 8vo. Contemporary marbled calf, spine gilt with raised bands, red morocco label with gilt lettering, small damage to joint at the foot of the volume. First work: Kress 7193; not in Goldsmiths; not in Einaudi; this edition not in INED; cf: Camus 1566; Peinot, Livres Condamnés, i, p. 43 (with wrong date). Third edition, published in the same year as the first edition, first edition with this title. Pierre-François Boncerf, French writer on agrarian subjects. While a clerk in the ministry of finance under Turgot he published a pamphlet, Les inconvénients des droits féodaux. According to Palgrave the work was published with the consent of Turgot. In it he attacked the contemporary system of feudal dues as ruinous to those who pay them, of little advantage to its benificiaries and contrary to the principles of freedom. The solemn condemnation of the pamphlet by the parlement of Paris, which the king vetoed, and the ensuing controversy in the press, in which Voltaire took a prominent part, established Boncerf's reputation and resulted in the translation of the work into many European languages. The pages 70-end contain the relevant texts by Montesquieu. The first edition was published anonymously, the second edition under the assumed name M. Francaleu. Second work: Higgs 6537; INED 3188 (1831 edition); Martin & Walter 24430; not in Goldsmiths (see 11518 for the second edition).First edition. Philosophical and political study on despotism and its effects it pretents to refute the theories of Rousseau while the author in reality attacks straight forward the government. Of actual value seems again his remark 'La nation finit toujours par être plus puissante que le tyran lorsque le pouvoir arbitraire parvenu à son dernier délire a dissous tous les liens de l'opinion et épuisé les ressources que la terre offre à ceux qui la cultivent en liberté. Ainsi les hommes se vengent tôt ou tard.' 'Dans cet insolent libelle, intitulé Essai sur le Despotisme, sous couleur de réfuter les théories de Jean-Jacques sur la bonté naturelle de l'homme, l'auteur s'attaquait de front aux pouvoirs' (Duc de Castries, Mirabeau, p. 105). Important work proclaiming democratic ideas and openly attacking despotism: 'Après cette vue philosophique générale, l'ouvrage s'attaquait seulement au 'despotisme d'un seul'' (Duc de Castries, op.cit)

BONCERF, (P.F.)

A Paris, De l'Imprimerie de Lottin l'aîné & J.R. Lottin, 1790. viii, 40 pp. 8vo. Modern boards. Cf.: Martin & Walter 4024; INED 606; Kress S.5343; Goldsmiths 13965. Second edition, largely expanded, first published in 1789, with 16 pages only. On the expense and danger to public order of unemployed workmen, formerly employed in public works, with suggestions for their employment. Includes an extensive table: Etat des matières du sol, & des fabriques étrangères importées dans le royaume, pendant l'année 1788, & que la France peur obtenir pour la plus grande partie de son sol & de ses fabriques, si les opérations qu'on a indiquées sont faites, même en partie.Pierre-François Boncerf, French writer on agrarian subjects. While a clerk in the ministry of finance under Turgot he published a pamphlet, Les inconvénients des droits féodaux. According to Palgrave the work was published with the consent of Turgot. In it he attacked the contemporary system of feudal dues as ruinous to those who pay them, of little advantage to its benificiaries and contrary to the principles of freedom. - Slightly browned, name in blank portion of title-page erased, some pencil underlinings in the text.

(BONCERF, P.F.)

A Paris, 1776. (2), 155, (1) pp. 8vo. Contemporary marbled calf, spine gilt in compartments, gilt lettering. Kress 7193; not in Goldsmiths; not in Einaudi; this edition not in INED; Camus 1566; Peinot, Livres Condamnés, i, p. 43 (with wrong date). Third edition, published in the same year as the first edition, the other two having only 48 and 72 pages respectively. Pierre-François Boncerf, French writer on agrarian subjects. While a clerk in the ministry of finance under Turgot he published a pamphlet, Les inconvénients des droits féodaux. According to Palgrave the work was published with the consent of Turgot. In it he attacked the contemporary system of feudal dues as ruinous to those who pay them, of little advantage to its benificiaries and contrary to the principles of freedom. The solemn condemnation of the pamphlet by the parlement of Paris, which the king vetoed, and the ensuing controversy in the press, in which Voltaire took a prominent part, established Boncerf's reputation and resulted in the translation of the work into many European languages. The pages 70-end contain the relevant texts by Montesquieu. The work was first published anonymously, a second edition was published with the pseudonym M. Francaleu.

(BORDELON, L.)

A Paris, Chez Prault, 1712. 22 pp. 12mo. Modern boards. Conlon, Prélude, 16218; D.J. Adams, Bibliographie d'ouvrages français en form de dialogue, 1700-1715, 224 (a later edition). First edition. The Abbé Laurent Bordelon was a polygraph, a number of his works deal with philosophy and religion.This is the original edition of a work later expanded with another 8 dialogues and then published in 1736: this original edition contains four dialogues in which the habits and customs of the period are discussed. At the end two pages with a list of books 'qui se vendent en la même Boutique.'